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Characterization of novel highly pathogenic avian #influenza A(#H5N6) clade 2.3.4.4b virus in wild #birds, East #China, 2024

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By G.M.

{Excerpt}

Dear Editor,

The highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) are important epizootic and zoonotic pathogens that cause significant economic losses to the poultry industry and pose a serious risk to veterinary and public health. Wild birds have been recognized as the primary reservoirs for influenza A virus, and some species show little sign of clinical disease or even can be asymptomatic during long distance carriers of the virus (Lycett et al., 2019). Since it was first discovered in 1959, the H5Nx HPAIVs have spread globally and cause outbreaks in wild birds, poultry and sporadic human and other mammalian infections (Lycett et al., 2019). Due to the reassortant events of diverse strains facilitated by migratory waterfowl, the clade 2.3.4.4 of H5Nx viruses acquiring neuraminidase (NA) gene from other low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) emerged in 2014 and gradually became the dominant sub-clade (Lee et al., 2017). The genetic diversity of clade 2.3.4.4 of H5Nx hemagglutinin (HA) has further evolved into eight subclades (2.3.4.4a to 2.3.4.4h) according to a unified nomenclature (Graziosi et al., 2024). H5N6 of clades 2.3.4.4d-h were predominantly identified in China from 2014 to early 2020 until the occurrence of a novel H5N6 derived the clade 2.3.4.4b HA gene of H5N8 in December 2020 (Gu et al., 2022). Subsequently, the preponderant clade of the H5N6 subtype HPAIV in China switched into 2.3.4.4b. Recently, novel H5N6 HPAIVs containing HA gene from clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 virus entered R. O. Korea, with disease outbreaks in poultry and wild bird mortality events (Cho et al., 2024; Heo et al., 2024).

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Source: Virologica Sinica, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1995820X25000021?via%3Dihub

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