ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract The circulation of highly pathogenic H5 influenza A viruses in cattle , other mammals, and wildlife threatens animal and human health. To address this, we vaccinated heifer-calves with a deactivated rabies-virus-based H5 vaccine , which was well-tolerated and elicited neutralizing antibodies against both clade-1 and clade-2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses, comparable to naturally H5-infected and convalescing cows. The immune responses to the vaccine platform were durable for at least 200 days and unaffected by preexisting RABV immunity. Source: npj Vaccines,  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-025-01238-2 ____

  Abstract Since 2021, subclade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have undergone changes in ecology and epidemiology, causing a panzootic of unprecedented scale in wild and domestic birds with spill-over infections and perceptible transmission in a range of mammalian species , raising concern over zoonotic potential . HPAI viruses readily exchange gene segments with low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses via reassortment , a mechanism that facilitates pronounced phenotypic change . Observations suggest changes in the seasonality and host range of panzootic viruses, however, data on the role of reassortment in determining such features are limited. Using phylodynamic approaches, we describe the emergence of the panzootic lineage and using a novel global genotype classification system we describe the subsequent emergence and global structuring of genotypes generated by reassortment. Focusing on evolutionary dynamics in Europe , we show reassortment...