ETIDIOH - NEW

The event occurred in a laying hen farm in the province of Buenos Aires . The birds involved showed mortality and clinical signs consistent with high pathogenicity avian influenza. The suspicion is officially addressed and samples were taken. The samples tested positive for HPAI H5. The event occurred in a laying hen farm. On 17/08/25 National Service of Agri-Food Health and Quality (SENASA) received a notification concerning mortality and clinical signs consistent with high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) (drooping and diarrhea). The suspicion is officially addressed, with restriction of the establishment and taking of samples for diagnosis. On 19/08/2025, samples tested positive for HPAI H5. The stamping out of all the birds in the establishment will be carried out. We will update the population data in the following follow-up reports. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6737 ____

{Summary} -- During current surveillance week (14 to 20 August), seventy-six new human confirmed cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported; -- So far this year, 351 human cases of WNV infection were confirmed (they were 275 last week); of these: - 158 were WNND (West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease): 6 in Piedmont, 8 Lombardy, 10 Veneto, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 8 Emilia-Romagna, 59 Latium, 54 Campania, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 5 Sardinia; - 27 were asymptomatic cases in blood donors ,   - 162 were West Nile Fever cases,  - 2 asymptomatic and  - 2 symptomatic (unspecified).  -- Among confirmed cases, there were 22 fatalities : 1 in Piedmont, 1 Lombardy, 10 Latium, 9 Campania, 1 Calabria).  - The Case-Fatality Rate in WNND cases is thus far at 13.9% (in 2018 it was 20%, and in 2024, 14%).  -- No confirmed cases of Usutu Virus infection have been confirmed this week. (...) Source: High Institute of Health,  https://www.epicentro.iss.it/westnile/b...

  Abstract The circulation of highly pathogenic H5 influenza A viruses in cattle , other mammals, and wildlife threatens animal and human health. To address this, we vaccinated heifer-calves with a deactivated rabies-virus-based H5 vaccine , which was well-tolerated and elicited neutralizing antibodies against both clade-1 and clade-2.3.4.4b H5N1 viruses, comparable to naturally H5-infected and convalescing cows. The immune responses to the vaccine platform were durable for at least 200 days and unaffected by preexisting RABV immunity. Source: npj Vaccines,  https://www.nature.com/articles/s41541-025-01238-2 ____

  Abstract Since 2021, subclade 2.3.4.4b A(H5N1) high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses have undergone changes in ecology and epidemiology, causing a panzootic of unprecedented scale in wild and domestic birds with spill-over infections and perceptible transmission in a range of mammalian species , raising concern over zoonotic potential . HPAI viruses readily exchange gene segments with low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses via reassortment , a mechanism that facilitates pronounced phenotypic change . Observations suggest changes in the seasonality and host range of panzootic viruses, however, data on the role of reassortment in determining such features are limited. Using phylodynamic approaches, we describe the emergence of the panzootic lineage and using a novel global genotype classification system we describe the subsequent emergence and global structuring of genotypes generated by reassortment. Focusing on evolutionary dynamics in Europe , we show reassortment...