ETIDIOH - NEW

  ABSTRACT Oropouche virus (OROV), Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV), and Dabie bandavirus (DBV) are significant re-emerging and emerging human pathogens with major public health implications. Notably, the ongoing OROV disease epidemic spanning South America, Central America, and the Caribbean now exceeds 11,000 cases, including several fatalities and reports of neurological disease and congenital abnormalities associated with infection. Rift Valley fever outbreaks continue to plague sub-Saharan Africa , and DBV, the etiologic agent of severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS), is expanding its reach throughout several Asian countries . No vaccines or approved therapies are available to prevent or treat these viral infections. Here, we report on the antiviral activity and protective efficacy of the ribonucleoside analog , 4′-fluorouridine (4′-FlU), against OROV, RVFV, and DBV in cell culture and murine models of infection and disease. In cell culture, the potency of 4′-FlU wa...

  ABSTRACT Ebola virus (EBOV), the causative agent of Ebola virus disease, remains one of the World Health Organization’s top 10 threats to global health . Infectious EBOV virions can be found on the surface of skin late in infection and may be transmitted to others through skin-to-skin contact . We investigate in vivo EBOV tropism and the kinetics of virus movement to and from the skin. Increasing viral loads were detected over time in the skin of EBOV-infected non-human primates and mice , with antigen detected in dermal stromal and immune cells . Epidermal cells within and surrounding hair follicles also harbored viral antigen , suggesting a novel mechanism of virus egress to the epidermal surface. During late infection, proinflammatory responses were elevated in infected visceral organs but minimal in the skin despite significant viral loads. We observed similar viral trafficking and cell tropism in the skin of mice intraperitoneally infected with a low containment EBOV model v...

  {Summary} Time Period: August 31, 2025 - September 06, 2025 -- H5 Detection :  4 sites ( 0.9% ) -- No Detection :  418 sites ( 99.1% ) -- No samples in last week :  43 sites (...) Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://www.cdc.gov/nwss/rv/wwd-h5.html ____

  Abstract Since 2021, the panzootic of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) represents an increasing threat to wild vertebrate populations . In this context, recent vaccines developed for poultry could provide tools for the conservation of wild endangered birds populations . The king penguin (Aptenodytes patagonicus), a long-lived seabird breeding in dense colonies with an extended chick-rearing period , was identified as a possible surrogate species for a vaccination trial in a sub-Antarctic natural setting . We investigate here the immune response of king penguin chicks to a self-amplifying mRNA vaccine against a H5 HPAI clade 2.3.4.4b protein. Thirty chicks were vaccinated (primo- and boost-injections), 20 were kept as controls. Along 250 days of monitoring, vaccinated chicks showed a high and persistent immune response , granting a strong seroneutralisation capacity against the virus, up to fledging. No adverse effects were observed. The screening for antibodies against u...

  Abstract Our study has for the first time identified H5N1 strains (clade 2.3.4.4b, genotype B3.2) in brown skuas from the Fildes Peninsula , South Shetland Islands, Antarctica . These findings indicate that highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 viruses is now actively circulating in Antarctic ecosystems , representing a significant expansion of its geographic range. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Funder Information Declared National Key Research and Development Program of China, 2024YFC2813605, 2023YFC2605504 Source: BioRxIV,  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.09.06.674605v1 ____

  Abstract Understanding the mechanisms underlying the emergence and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza virus (HPAIV) is critical for tracking its global dissemination , particularly via migratory seabirds , given their role in transmission over long distances . Scavenging seabirds, such as skuas , may act as both reservoirs and vectors , and have been linked to multiple outbreaks since 2021. Here, we report the detection of HPAIV clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 in three Tristan skua (Stercorarius antarcticus hamiltoni) carcasses on Gough Island in the central South Atlantic Ocean . To investigate potential incursion routes, we combined genomic analyses with year-round tracking data from global location sensors . Although migratory movement patterns suggested southern Africa as the most obvious pathway, the strain detected on Gough Island was more closely related to that found in South Georgia , suggesting infection may have occurred during the pre-laying exodus when skuas disperse i...

{Automatic translation from Chinese, edited} [Xinhua News Agency Micro Special] Due to the outbreak of avian influenza in many places, the Andalusia Autonomous Region in southern Spain has temporarily closed a number of parks and other attractions in recent days, including two attractions included in the UNESCO World Heritage List , and the infected animals have been killed at relevant locations. According to AFP, Seville City Hall announced on social media on the 11th that the Maria Luisa Park in the city center was closed due to the discovery of dead birds . The park will clean up the dead animals and disinfect them. The city recently closed three other parks where dead birds were found, including a World Heritage site. Catalina Garcia, an environmental official for the Andalusian autonomous region, said on social media that three outbreaks of avian influenza were detected in wild birds in Doñana National Park , a World Heritage site, and the affected birds were culled. The national ...

{Summary} -- During current epidemiological week (4 to 10 September), eighty new confirmed human cases of West Nile Virus infection have been reported in Italy. -- Since the beginning of the epidemic season , there have been a total of 582 confirmed cases (they were 502 last week), of these:  - 260 were West Nile Neuroinvasive Disease (WNND): 14 in Piedmont, 24 Lombardy, 22 Veneto, 1 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, 1 Liguria, 20 Emilia-Romagna, 3 Tuscany, 77 Latium, 2 Molise, 74 Campania, 1 Apulia, 2 Basilicata, 5 Calabria, 1 Sicily, 13 Sardinia,  - 48 asymptomatic cases among blood donors ,  - 262 cases of West Nile Fever (1 imported from Kenya ),  - 4 asymptomatic cases,  - 8 unspecified cases.  -- A total of 39 fatal cases have been reported so far this season: 5 in Piedmont, 2 Lombardy, 1 Emilia-Romagna, 15 Latium, 14 Campania, 2 Calabria.  - The Case-Fatality Rate among WNND cases is thus far at 15% (during 2018 season it was 20%, in 2024 14%).  -- Du...