ETIDIOH - NEW

  Key Points -- Question:  Is regular application of azelastine nasal spray associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections? - Findings:  In this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial that included 450 participants , the incidence of laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infections was significantly lower with application of azelastine nasal spray compared with placebo treatment. -- Meaning:  The use of azelastine nasal spray may help to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infections. Abstract Importance    Limited pharmaceutical options exist for preexposure prophylaxis of COVID-19 beyond vaccination. Azelastine, an antihistamine nasal spray used for decades to treat allergic rhinitis, has in vitro antiviral activity against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. Objective    To determine the efficacy and safety of azelastine nasal spray for prevention of SARS-CoV-2 infections in healthy adults. Design, Setting, and Participants   ...

  {A Great White Pelican, one of the affected species in the outbreak.} By Charles J. Sharp - Own work, from Sharp Photography, sharpphotography.co.uk, CC BY-SA 4.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=66151818 Wild birds of different species in Western Cape Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6732 ____

  Abstract Objectives There have been few studies in pregnant women of medications that are used to reduce severe complications from COVID-19 infection. Currently, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir (Paxlovid) is recommended by the National Institutes for Health to treat non-hospitalized pregnant patients with mild-to-moderate COVID-19 illness. The aim of this study was to determine the transplacental passage of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir/ritonavir and favipiravir utilizing an ex vivo placental perfusion model. Methods Human placental cotyledons were continuously perfused in a double open circuit. The study molecules and antipyrine, a marker of placental viability, were dissolved in the maternal solution. The experiment was conducted over 90 minutes, and every 5 minutes, samples of the maternal solution and fetal exchange solutions were collected for analysis. We calculated the concentrations of study molecules, fetal transfer ratios and the clearance indexes to determine placental transfer. R...