ETIDIOH - NEW

  ABSTRACT The global spread of the A/goose/Guangdong/1/96-lineage H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses has been accompanied by an expanded host range and the establishment of sustained viral transmission among dairy cattle . To evaluate if the evolving H5N1 viruses have changed tissue tropism over time , we compared the binding patterns of recombinant hemagglutinin (HA) proteins derived from clade 1 (A/Vietnam/1203/04, H5VN) and circulating clade 2.3.4.4b viruses detected from wild bird (A/Eurasian Teal/Hong Kong/AFCD-HKU-23-14009-01020/2023, H5HK) and dairy cattle (A/bovine/Ohio/B24OSU-439/2024, H5OH). The HA protein of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was included for comparison . Using bio-layer interferometry , H1 protein preferentially bound to the α2,6-linked sialoside 6′SLNLN , while H5 proteins preferentially bound to the α2,3-linked sialoside 3′SLN . H5OH showed higher binding affinity to 3′SLN than H5HK and H5VN. The attachment patterns of H1 and H5 proteins to the re...

  ABSTRACT Human metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a common and globally prevalent respiratory virus that can cause clinical symptoms ranging from mild respiratory illness to severe bronchiolitis and pneumonia , with substantial morbidity and mortality . HMPV accounts for a substantial health care and economic burden , with high hospitalization rates. Consequently, there is an urgent need for effective preventive and therapeutic interventions . The development of these interventions requires comprehensive knowledge of the virus’s biology, including characteristics, epidemiology, evolution, virus-host interactions, and host immune responses. Despite being discovered nearly 25 years ago , HMPV has remained relatively underrecognized , resulting in limited awareness of its true impact and delays in the development of treatment options. Recent studies have demonstrated the emergence of novel genotypes and provided more insight into viral replication, spread, and host immune responses. In this ...

  Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic, driven by SARS-CoV-2, continues to challenge global health due to emerging variants and the potential risk posed by related sarbecoviruses . Neutralizing antibodies targeting the spike (S) glycoprotein, particularly the receptor-binding domain (RBD), play a crucial role in viral neutralization and vaccine design . Although broadly neutralizing anti-RBD antibodies have been identified, the nature of cross-reactive humoral responses induced by natural infection with ancestral SARS-CoV-2 strains remains incompletely understood. Here, we isolated 105 S-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from individuals recovered from prototype SARS-CoV-2 infection. Of these, 30 mAbs cross-recognized SARS-CoV-1 , including 25 RBD-directed mAbs, of which 12 displayed cross-neutralizing activity against both viruses . Among them, mAb 12C2 potently neutralized SARS-CoV-1 and multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants, likely through mechanisms that include inhibition of membrane fus...

  ABSTRACT Given the recurring threat of coronavirus outbreaks, understanding the specificity of coronaviruses in terms of their host, tissue, and cell tropism is crucial . This review consolidates and critically assesses the current literature on the tropism of endemic, epidemic, and pandemic coronaviruses . We explore different levels of tropism , including species tropism (virus preference for specific host species), host cell tropism (virus specificity for particular cell types), and tissue tropism (specificity for certain tissues or organs). This review compiles extensive basic research, particularly from recent years, to provide critical insights into the viral mechanisms that are key to improving future pandemic preparedness. Source: mBio,  https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/mbio.02437-25 ____

  Highlights •  Middle East respiratory syndrome-coronavirus was first detected in 2012 in Saudi Arabia. •  Since 2012, Middle East respiratory syndrome caused 2626 confirmed cases. •  20% of cases involve contact with dromedary camels or their products. •  Human-to-human spread occurs, mainly in healthcare settings. •  A case fatality rate is 36-40%. Source: IJID Regions,  https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772707625001663?via%3Dihub ____