ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract Three critically ill or fatal avian influenza A(H5N1) human infections have been reported in North America since November 2024 . Notably, all were infected with genotype D1.1 instead of B3.13, the dominant genotype before November 2024. Here, we demonstrated that D1.1 could replicate to higher titers in human nasal and airway organoid-derived transwell monolayers from 6 donors . D1.1 exhibited a better binding to α2,3- and α2,6-linked SA than B3.13. No significant differences in most inflammatory or antiviral cytokines/chemokines was observed. These observations suggest that D1.1 is better adapted to both the upper and lower human respiratory tract epithelium than B3.13. Source:  Link:  https://academic.oup.com/jid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/infdis/jiaf598/8341570#google_vignette ____

  ABSTRACT Passive administration of broadly neutralizing anti-influenza monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) before or after virus infection can prevent or alleviate disease. Unlike seasonal influenza, infection with zoonotic avian influenza viruses can lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome and high mortality in humans. Respiratory tract-targeting antibody delivery appears to be more clinically relevant and effective for zoonotic influenza treatment. In this study, the efficacy of an anti-H7N9 murine mAb 4B7 and its humanized form (chi4B7) against H7 subtype influenza viruses administered through the intranasal route was investigated in mice . 4B7 recognizes critical residues in the vestigial esterase domain and receptor-binding sites in the hemagglutinin of H7N9 virus . The antibody had cross-H7 binding, hemagglutination inhibition, and neutralizing activities. In particular, the dose of 4B7 required for prophylactic protection against H7N9 infection was significantly reduced in mi...

  Abstract The evolutionary divergence of the A(H5) hemagglutinin (HA) gene of high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) viruses (A/goose/Guangdong/96 lineage) was analyzed by phylogenetic and average pairwise distance methods to identify clades that merit nomenclature updates . Based on this assessment, 12 new clade designations were recommended based on division of clade 2.3.2.1c and 2.3.4.4 viruses, which were reported in Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, the Middle East, the Americas and Oceania since the most recent WHO/WOAH/FAO H5 Evolution Working Group update. Competing Interest Statement The authors have declared no competing interest. Source:  Link:  https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2025.11.23.690055v1 ____