ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract The wildlife reservoir and spillover mechanisms of Ebola virus remain elusive despite extensive research efforts in endemic areas. This study employed a One Health approach to examine the virus’ circulation in wildlife and the associated human exposure risks in the Tshuapa province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo . We screened 1049 samples from 919 animals , predominantly small mammals , collected in 2021, and 380 samples from inhabitants of Inkanamongo village, the site of an Ebola virus disease outbreak in 2014. These samples were screened for evidence of current (RNA) or past (IgG antibodies) Ebola virus infections. We also conducted interviews with 167 individuals in the surrounding districts to assess their interactions with wildlife . While no Ebola virus RNA was detected in the wildlife samples , anti-orthoebolavirus IgG antibodies were found in 13 bats and 38 rodents . Among the human participants , 120 individuals had IgG antibodies against at least 1 or...

  Highlights •  Respiratory tract bacterial colonization was highly prevalent among RSV-infected children. •  Moraxella catarrhalis colonization was significantly associated with mild RSV disease. •  Haemophilus influenzae carriage showed a trend toward increased severity. •  Household crowding independently correlated with severe RSV outcomes. •  Airway microbiota may modulate RSV clinical outcomes. Abstract Background Respiratory syncytial virus is a major cause of acute respiratory infection in children . While most cases are mild, some progress to life-threatening disease. The role of bacterial colonization in shaping respiratory syncytial virus outcomes remains incompletely understood. Objective To evaluate the association between respiratory tract bacterial colonization and respiratory syncytial virus disease severity in children. Study design Prospective cohort study conducted during 2019 and 2023. Children ≤24 months hospitalized with confirmed posi...

  Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus (HPAIV) H5N1, clade 2.3.4.4b, has emerged as a significant zoonotic threat . H5N1 is widely circulating in wild birds , and an increasing number of spillover events have been observed in a wide range of mammalian species . These cases are primarily reported in countries on the European and American continents . This review describes the likely transmission routes, lesions, and clinical manifestations of HPAIV H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b in naturally infected mammals, with a focus on the involvement of the central nervous system (CNS). In the analysis, pathological findings were categorized by organ system and host species , which were further divided into terrestrial mammals, marine mammals, and dairy cattle . The most frequently reported clinical manifestations were neurological and respiratory signs in marine mammals and neurological signs and lethargy in terrestrial mammals . Macroscopic and histological lesions were commonly found in...

  Abstract Influenza A virus (IAV) can infect a wide range of hosts, including wild and domestic pigs . Swine play an important role in influenza evolution and epidemiology due to their ability to get infected with both avian and human influenza viruses, potentially leading to reassorted virus variants . Interactions at the wild-domestic swine interface have been documented on multiple occasions, raising concern about pathogen transmission and the emergence of novel influenza strains. This study investigates the occurrence and subtypes of IAV infecting invasive wild pigs in Alberta, Canada . A total of 267 wild pigs were captured between 2021–2024. Exposure to IAV was initially detected by cELISA , with further confirmation of exposure to the H5Nx virus by hemagglutination inhibition (HI) and virus neutralization (VN) assays. Although no IAV genetic material was detected by qPCR , the seropositive samples by cELISA (4.17%; 5/120) coincided with the 2022–2024 highly pathogenic avian...

Unspecified wild species sample from Jeollabuk-do Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6967 ____

  Abstract Understanding the geographic spread of emerging respiratory viruses is critical for pandemic preparedness , yet the early spatiotemporal dynamics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza and SARS-CoV-2 in the United States (US) remain unclear . While mobility and genomic data have revealed important aspects of pandemic spatial spread, several key questions remain: Did the two pandemics follow similar spatial transmission routes? How rapidly did they spread across the US? What role did stochastic processes play in early spatial transmission? To address these questions, we integrated high-resolution disease data with a robust, data-efficient inference framework combining air travel, commuting flows, and pathogen superspreading potentials to reconstruct their spatial spread across US metropolitan areas . The two pandemics exhibited distinct transmission pathways across locations; however, both pandemics established local circulation in most metropolitan areas within weeks , driv...