ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b has recently emerged as a major threat to wildlife , agriculture, and public health due to its expanding host range and the increasing frequency of spillover into mammals . In July–August 2023, the mass death of over 3500 northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) and at least one Steller sea lion (Eumetopias jubatus) was recorded on Tyuleniy Island in the Sea of Okhotsk, Russia. Two HPAI A( H5N1 ) viruses were isolated from fur seal carcasses and designated A/Northern_fur_seal/Russia_Tyuleniy/74/2023 and A/Northern_fur_seal/Russia_Tyuleniy/75/2023. Both viruses exhibited high pathogenicity in chickens (IVPI 2.7–3.0) and mice (MLD50 1.9–2.5 log10EID50/mL), with distinct differences in disease progression, histopathology, and organ tropism . Experimental infection of mice revealed that strain A/74/2023 induced more severe pulmonary and neurological lesions than A/75/2023. Whole-genome sequencing and phylogeneti...

  Abstract   SARS-CoV-2 is a major global public health burden associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and complications , including respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological , and digestive disorders. COVID-19 may induce venous and arterial thromboembolic complications , including deep vein thrombosis , myocardial infarction and cerebral infarction . Simultaneous myocardial and cerebral infarction, termed cardio-cerebral infarction , is exceedingly rare. There is only limited case of concurrent cardio-cerebral infarction in patients with COVID-19 . Although there is no standard treatment for the condition, antiplatelet and anticoagulation agents should be used. We emphasize the catastrophic coexistence of concurrent cardio-cerebral infarction in a patient co-infected with SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A. We described a 75-year-old woman was admitted for SARS-CoV-2 and influenza A coinfection . She received anti-viral agent treatment for the virus infection. The patient p...

  Overall Risk statement -- This RRA aims to assess the overall public health risk at the global level posed by the chikungunya virus (CHIKV) transmission during 2025, considering the criteria of potential risk for human health , the risk of geographical spread , and the risk of insufficient control capacities with available resources, and the implications for the 2026 transmission season .  -- Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) poses a significant and growing global health risk due to large and widespread regional outbreaks in recent years, climate-driven mosquito expansion , lack of specific treatment , and increasing international travel.  -- While mortality remains relatively low , the CHIKV infection can cause prolonged arthritis with disability as well as  severe illness in some patients.  -- From 1 January to 10 December 2025, 502 264 CHIKV disease cases including  208 335 confirmed cases, and 186 CHIKV deaths , were reported globally.  -- While certain ...