ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract In a new study, Zhao et al. (2025) obtain 959 whole genome sequences of H1N1 subtype swine influenza virus (SIV) isolated from China . Their analysis of the sequences , isolated between 1977 and 2020, reveals how H1N1 lineages have co-evolved and contributed to instances of zoonotic transmission within the region. This study’s findings characterize the long-term evolutionary effects of frequent viral reassortment in SIV and highlight its potential to drive future pandemics. Source:  Link:  https://academic.oup.com/evolut/advance-article/doi/10.1093/evolut/qpaf262/8400336 ____

{Summary} Highlights     • All clades of monkeypox virus (MPXV) continue to circulate.  - Unless mpox outbreaks are rapidly contained and human-to-human transmission is interrupted , there is a risk of sustained community transmission .   • In November 2025, 48 countries across all WHO regions reported a total of 2150 new confirmed mpox cases , including five deaths ( case fatality ratio [CFR] 0.2%).  - About 68% of these cases were reported in the African Region .  - Four regions observed a decline in confirmed cases in November, compared to October 2025, while the European and Western Pacific regions reported more cases than the previous month.      • Nineteen countries in Africa reported active transmission of mpox in the last six weeks (2 November– 14 December 2025), with 1435 confirmed cases , including seven deaths (CFR 0.5%).  - Countries reporting the highest number of cases in this period are the Democratic Republic of the ...

  Influenza at the human-animal interface  Summary and risk assessment, from 6 November to 19 December 2025 {1} -- New human cases {1,2}:  - From 6 November to 19 December 2025, based on reporting date , the detection of influenza A( H5N1 ) in one human , A( H5N5 ) in one human , A( H9N2 ) in seven humans , and an influenza A( H1N1 ) variant virus in one human were reported officially.  - In addition , one human case of infection with an influenza A( H1N2 ) variant virus was detected.  -- Circulation of influenza viruses with zoonotic potential in animals :  - High pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) events in poultry and non-poultry animal species continue to be reported to the World Organisation for Animal Health (WOAH).{3}  - The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) also provides a global update on avian influenza viruses with pandemic potential.{4}  - Additionally, low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses as well a...

  ~155K laying chickens’ flock. Samples taken were positive for HPAI H5N1. Birds presented clinical signs prior to testing. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7139 ____

  Highlights •  We generated a recombinant reporter OROV that expresses the eGFP fluorescent protein in infected cells. •  We found that remdesivir efficiently inhibited the replication of Oropouche virus (OROV) using this reporter OROV. •  We demonstrated strain-dependent differences in the replication efficiency of OROV. Abstract The Oropouche virus (OROV), an orthobunyavirus transmitted by biting midges, is the causative agent of Oropouche fever , which has caused multiple outbreaks in South and Central America . During the most recent epidemic in 2023–2025, more than 25,000 laboratory-confirmed cases were reported in Brazil , and no licensed antivirals have been reported to be effective date. In this study, we generated a recombinant OROV-expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (rOROV/GFP) to facilitate rapid and sensitive antiviral evaluation . Growth kinetics demonstrated that rOROV/GFP replicated less efficiently than wild-type rOROV and that the histori...