ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract Hemagglutinins (HA) from different influenza A virus subtypes share as little as ~40% amino acid identity , yet their protein structure and cell entry function are highly conserved . Here we examine the extent that sequence constraints on HA differ across three subtypes . To do this, we first use pseudovirus deep mutational scanning to measure how all amino-acid mutations to an H7 HA affect its cell entry function. We then compare these new measurements to previously described measurements of how all mutations to H3 and H5 HAs affect cell entry function . We find that ~50% of HA sites display substantially diverged preferences for different amino acids across the HA subtypes. The sites with the most divergent amino-acid preferences tend to be buried and have biochemically distinct wildtype amino acids in the different HA subtypes. We provide an example of how rewiring the interactions among contacting residues has dramatically shifted which amino acids are tolerated at s...

  A fattening turkey holding in Csongrád-Csanád Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7172 ____

  ABSTRACT Avian influenza virus cross-species infection in humans poses a major threat to global public health . Species-specific differences between avian ANP32A and mammalian ANP32 proteins create a natural barrier against viral cross-species infection by directly impairing the functional interaction between the avian-origin viral RNA polymerase and mammalian ANP32 proteins , thereby restricting viral genome replication . The key to overcoming this barrier lies in the adaptation of viral RNA polymerase to host ANP32 family proteins . This mini-review summarizes the mechanisms and variations in influenza virus adaptation to ANP32 proteins across different species. Influenza viruses adapt to species-specific ANP32 proteins through various mutations and display distinct preferences for specific ANP32 family members within the same host. Additionally, alternative splicing variants of ANP32A within a single species further modulate viral RNA polymerase adaptability. Despite this dive...

  Abstract Introduction Prion diseases are mortal neurodegenerative disorders , which include Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). Due to its heterogenous clinical presentation diagnosis uncertainties are common. In this paper we explore CJD diagnostic challenges focusing on differential diagnosis and diagnostic delays. Methods We report a case of a patient who was misclassified and evaluated by several medical specialties before the CJD suspicion . A systematic review of the literature of the CJD case reports focused on the timely and differential diagnosis was carried out in Medline and Embase until May 2023. Results Patient with diagnosis was made due to the form of presentation and clinical evolution , neuroimaging and the presence of protein 14-3-3 . In systematic review, fifteen articles were selected, who reported 31 cases of CJD with problems in the timely diagnosis and incorrect initial diagnosis , the main initial differential diagnoses were psychiatry exacerbation, myelopath...

  Reproductive ducks. 41 months old. Drop in lay and reduction of water consumption. Gastrointestinal symptoms. HaZafon Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7168 ____

  A wild mute swan in Kauno Region. Source:  Link:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7166 ____