ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract We evaluated 2 electrochemiluminescence serologic assays to detect avian influenza H5 antibodies . Both assays identified H5 antibodies from both serum and dried blood spots and had strong specificity and minimal cross-reactivity in human and avian samples. Such assays can support populationwide serologic surveys aimed at assessing population-level immunity. Source:  Link:  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/1/25-1117_article ____

  Abstract In 2009 and again in 2019, public health warnings were confirmed by the emergence, rapid widespread transmission, and lethality of novel influenza and coronaviruses . The world continues to suffer disease from these respiratory viruses. Two newly recognized emergent respiratory viruses, influenza D and canine coronavirus HuPn-2018 , have been shown to have considerable potential for causing future human epidemics , but diagnostics and surveillance for the viruses are lacking. We reviewed data regarding influenza D virus and coronavirus canine coronavirus HuPn-2018 . Those data strongly indicate that these viruses are major newly recognized threats . However, little is being done to respond to or prevent disease associated with these viruses, warranting the question of whether we will learn from previous pandemics. Source:  Link:  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/32/1/25-1764_article ____

Abstract Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) (H5N1 hereafter) is an emerging pathogen in mammals . The recent recognition of H5N1 in dairy cattle increases opportunities for human exposure and infection and may accelerate a trajectory toward sustained human-to-human transmission . Furthermore, the presence of virus at high concentration in unpasteurized milk raises new risks for humans , especially infants and children . Milk has been identified as a vehicle for viral transmission in and between mammalian species, including humans. Sialic acids (SAs) found on cell surfaces are important mediators of species susceptibility to specific influenza strains and play an important role in viral tropism . New data demonstrate that SA receptors with α2,3 linkages capable of binding avian influenza strains are present in human mammary tissue . The presence of SA receptors that can bind avian influenza and a comparative analysis of viral transmission risk of raw and pasteurized milk in seve...

  Highlights •  Global mobility, climate pressures, and ecological change drive emerging infections. •  Highly pathogenic influenza strains, including H5N1, pose ongoing spillover risks and pandemic potential. •  SARS, MERS, and COVID-19 illustrate the pandemic potential of novel coronaviruses. •  Nipah, Ebola, Pteropine orthoreovirus and Zika remain high-impact threats for global health security. •  Mass gatherings can amplify transmission risks of emerging high-consequence viruses. •  Strengthened surveillance, diagnostics, and One Health strategies are essential for pandemic preparedness. Abstract Emerging infectious diseases have risen significantly in the twenty-first century as ecological disruption, climate change, expanding human–animal interfaces , and global mobility intensify opportunities for pathogen transmission . This review synthesizes historical and contemporary evidence across viral, bacterial, fungal, and parasitic threats to charact...