#Pathogenesis and #Research #Models of Acute #Influenza-Associated #Encephalitis / #Encephalopathy: An Update
Abstract Influenza-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy (IAE) is a severe neurological complication characterized by central nervous system dysfunction and structural damage following influenza virus infection . Predominantly affecting infants and young children , IAE exhibits its highest incidence in those under five years of age . Key clinical manifestations of IAE include acute seizures, sudden high fever, and impaired consciousness , frequently progressing to coma . Neuroimaging , particularly magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), often reveals multifocal brain lesions involving multiple brain regions, including the cerebellum, brainstem, and corpus callosum . The prognosis of IAE is poor , with a mortality rate reaching 30%. Current diagnosis relies heavily on clinical presentation and characteristic neuroimaging findings, as the precise pathogenesis of IAE remains elusive . While various research models, including cell lines, brain organoids, and animal models , have been dev...