ETIDIOH - NEW

  Public Domain. Source: WikiArt,  https://www.wikiart.org/en/thomas-cole/the-voyage-of-life-youth-1842-1 _____

Abstract Objective In recent years, there has been increased awareness of the impact of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) on adult health, especially in elderly patients. Unlike influenza infection, its presentation and patient outcomes are not well studied. The aim of this study was to compare clinical outcomes in emergency department patients infected by RSV vs influenza. Methods This was a multicenter retrospective study in seven emergency departments (ED) in France . Patients with a laboratory-confirmed RSV or influenza infection in the ED were included between January 2017 and December 2022. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality truncated at day 28. Secondary endpoints included one year occurrence of thrombo-embolic event, acute coronary syndrome, and stroke. Results 3397 patient charts were screened , and 3224 were analyzed. Of these, 551 (17%) patients had RSV-positive PCR, and 2673 (83%) had influenza-positive PCR. Patients with RSV were older (median age 73 vs.68; dif...

Situation at a glance Since the outbreak of Sudan virus disease (SVD) was declared in Uganda on 30 January 2025, and as of 5 March 2025, a total of 14 cases (including 12 confirmed cases and two probable cases) including four deaths (two confirmed and two probable) have been reported.  On 1 March 2025, the Ministry of Health released a press statement confirming the tenth case . The patient was a child under 5 years old who presented and died in the Mulago hospital on 23 February 2025.  As of 5 March, two additional confirmed cases and two probable deaths have been reported that are linked to this case. Both of these cases are currently admitted to treatment facilities.  Eight confirmed cases received care at treatment centres in the capital Kampala and in Mbale and were discharged on 18 February 2025.  As of 5 March 2025, 192 new contacts have been identified and are under follow-up in Kampala, Ntoroko and Wakiso. In the absence of licensed vaccines and therapeutics...

  Antiviral Res PADEY B, Droillard C, Duliere V, Fouret J, et al Host-targeted repurposed diltiazem enhances the antiviral activity of direct acting antivirals against Influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res. 2025 Mar 4:106138. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106138. PubMed           Abstract available Clin Infect Dis BULLOCK A, Dalton AF, Stockwell MS, McLaren SH, et al Ongoing Symptoms After Acute SARS-CoV-2 or Influenza Infection in a Case-Ascertained Household Transmission Study: 7 US Sites, 2021-2023. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 26:ciaf026. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available SWARTWOOD NA, Cohen T, Marks SM, Hill AN, et al Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on TB outcomes in the United States: a Bayesian analysis. Clin Infect Dis. 2025 Feb 27:ciaf092. doi: 10.1093. PubMed           Abstract available Emerg Infect Dis BI K, Bandekar SR, Bouchni...

  Antiviral Res PADEY B, Droillard C, Duliere V, Fouret J, et al Host-targeted repurposed diltiazem enhances the antiviral activity of direct acting antivirals against Influenza A virus and SARS-CoV-2. Antiviral Res. 2025 Mar 4:106138. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106138. PubMed           Abstract available INOUE A, Ichikawa T, Wada D, Maruyama S, et al M49L and other drug resistance mutations emerging in individuals after administration of ensitrelvir in Japanese clinical settings. Antiviral Res. 2025;236:106118. PubMed           Abstract available UEHARA T, Yotsuyanagi H, Ohmagari N, Doi Y, et al Ensitrelvir treatment-emergent amino acid substitutions in SARS-CoV-2 3CL(pro) detected in the SCORPIO-SR phase 3 trial. Antiviral Res. 2025 Jan 30:106097. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2025.106097. PubMed           Abstract available Biochem Biophys Res Commun IMBIAKHA B, ...

Abstract Since March 2024, highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) viruses have caused outbreaks in dairy cattle and poultry in the United States, and they continue to spill over into humans . However, data on human immune response to those viruses is limited. We report neutralizing antibody responses in 2 dairy farm worker H5N1 cases. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/4/25-0007_article ____

{Excerpt} Time Period: February 23 - March 01, 2025 - H5 Detection :  8 sites ( 1.8% ) - No Detection :  445 sites ( 98.2% ) - No samples in last week :  100 sites (...) Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html ____

The UK Health Security Agency has been informed under the International Health Regulations that an individual travelled to England from Nigeria while they were unwell with Lassa fever at the end of February. The individual returned to Nigeria where they were diagnosed . We are now working to identify people who were in contact with the affected individual while they were in the country. Lassa fever does not spread easily between people and the overall risk to the public is very low . If you have not been contacted by UKHSA then you are very unlikely to have had any exposure to Lassa fever and do not need to take action. Lassa fever causes acute infections which can range from very mild symptoms through to a severe viral haemorrhagic fever. People usually become infected with Lassa virus through exposure to food or household items contaminated with urine or faeces of infected rats – present in some West African countries where the disease is endemic. The virus can also be spread between...

 A wild Carrion Crow in Khabarovsk Region. Source:  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6304 ____

{England} Commercial turkey fattening unit with 27,658 turkeys. Increased mortality and other clinical signs of HPAI reported. The samples were positive for HPAI H5N1. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6314 ____

 This event will collect the detections made by sampling carried out in 2025. Peregrine falcon , adult male, transmitted to a Centre for the protection of endangered species on 05/02/2025 with nervous symptoms, that died on 06/02/2025. The necropsy was performed at the Wildlife Center for Analysis and Diagnosis. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6316 ____

Significance Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a highly pathogenic coronavirus that continues to cause periodic outbreaks in humans with a case-fatality rate of approximately 35%. MERS-CoV generally transmits poorly, but superspreading events are well documented. Efficient human-to-human transmission of respiratory viruses generally correlates with a tropism for the upper respiratory tract, but this tropism for MERS-CoV remains poorly understood. Characterizing the MERS-CoV tropism in the human upper respiratory tract is of critical importance to understand its epidemiology and pandemic potential of future MERS-CoV variants and other dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4)-utilizing coronaviruses present in animal reservoirs. Abstract Transmissibility of respiratory viruses is a complex viral trait that is intricately linked to tropism. Several highly transmissible viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Influenza viruses, specifically targ...

Abstract Background In late 2023, the first human case caused by an H10N5 avian influenza virus (AIV) was diagnosed in China . H10Ny AIVs have been identified in various poultry and wild birds in Eurasia, the Americas, and Oceania. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of the H10N5 AIV-infected patient, isolated the virus, and evaluated the virus receptor-binding properties together with the H10N8 and H10N3 AIVs identified in humans and poultry. The genomic data of the human-infecting H10N5 strain and avian H10Ny AIVs (n = 48, including 16 strains of H10N3 and 2 strains of H10N8) from live poultry markets in China , during 2019–2021, were sequenced. We inferred the genetic origin and spread pattern of the H10N5 AIV using the phylodynamic methods. In addition, given all available nucleotide sequences, the spatial-temporal dynamics, host distribution, and the maximum-likelihood phylogenies of global H10 AIVs were reconstructed. Findings The first H10N5 AIV-infected human case co-infected...

Two wild cats, two European Polecats, Forty-four Domestic Mustelidae, Twenty-two foxes in various Regions. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/4971?reportId=172740&fromPage=event-dashboard-url ____

As of February 28, 2025 CDC assessed the risk from H5N1 viruses to the U.S. general population and to populations in the United States with contact with potentially infected animals, including through contaminated surfaces or fluids . Risk describes the potential public health implications and significance of an outbreak for populations assessed. See definitions below for more detail. {Risk posed by H5N1 viruses to the United States. Please see methods section for further information on definitions of terms.} ___ The purpose of this assessment is to evaluate the current public health risk of H5N1 viruses to the general U.S. population and to those in contact with potentially infected animals or contaminated surfaces or fluids, and to inform public health preparedness efforts. CDC assessed risk by considering both likelihood and impact of infection in each population (...). Both the likelihood and impact of infection are assessed at a population level. Likelihood of infection refers to ...