#Hostilities in the occupied #Palestinian territory (oPt) - 11 November 2025 - Public Health #Situation #Analysis (PHSA) (#WHO, summary)

 

SUMMARY OF CRISIS AND KEY FINDINGS 

The fragile Gaza ceasefire announced on 9 October 2025 marked a momentous but precarious juncture in the ongoing conflict.{3} 

The ceasefire remains in place but is fragile, and violations from both sides continue.{4} 

When the ceasefire was agreed in mid-October, the UN Relief Chief Tom Fletcher outlined a 60-day plan to deliver vital aid to people in Gaza, stressing that full implementation requires more crossings, rapid and unimpeded access, sustained fuel entry, restored infrastructure, protection of aid workers, and adequate funding.{5}  

While humanitarian aid has begun to flow into Gaza offering a measure of relief, uncertainty persists. Meanwhile, the Rafah Crossing as well as other crossings in the north remain closed, limiting efforts to alleviate Gaza’s humanitarian crisis.{6} 

According to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Gaza, the casualty toll among Palestinians since 7 October 2023, as reported by MoH, is 67 938 fatalities and 170 169 injuries.{7} 

Following the announcement of the ceasefire, large-scale population movements have been observed across Gaza as families attempt to return home after months of displacement. Over 533 000 people have moved from south to north since 10 October.{8} 

Most people in Gaza reside in inadequate shelters that fail to meet basic emergency standards, leaving them exposed to harsh winter conditions.{9} 

The UN Satellite Centre reported that as of 23 September, the extent of damage in Gaza City encompassed approximately 83% of all structures.{10}  

Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) report diseases directly linked to poor living condition (such as skin infections, eye infections, aches and pains) account for 70% of all outpatient consultations in health care centres in southern Gaza.{11} 

According to Early Warning, Alert and Response System (EWARS) reporting, acute watery diarrhoea and acute respiratory infections are 17.5% of all consultations in Gaza as of October 2025.{12} 

Ongoing attacks and resource shortages have severely weakened the health system. Every hospital is overrun.{13} 

A total of 50% (18 out of 36) of hospitals are functional, all partially.{14} 

Many health facilities have been shut down in Gaza City and in the North, leaving hundreds of thousands of people with limited access to lifesaving medical services. As of 15 August 2025, Famine (IPC Phase 5)—with reasonable evidence—was confirmed in Gaza Governorate. Access constraints severely limit the quantity of aid that agencies can bring in to stabilize the markets and address people’s needs. 

Anticipation of food inflows upon the ceasefire drove food prices down. However, liquidity constraints persist, with cash withdrawal fees still between 20-24%.{15} 

While attention has been fixed on Gaza, violence and restrictions in the West Bank have intensified. Military operations in Jenin, Nur Shams, and Tulkarm refugee camps have displaced over 30 000 people, yet humanitarian groups remain barred from assessing the full scale of destruction.{16} 

More broadly, oPt has endured a protracted cycle of conflict, hunger and despair for over five decades. In 2023, this cycle reached unprecedented new peaks as tensions escalated in the occupied Gaza Strip and the West Bank on 7 October, resulting in civilian fatalities, widespread destruction, massive displacement, rising food prices and a declining currency.{17} 

The unprecedented impact of the current war on Gaza demands a transformative shift in addressing mounting immediate needs, revaluating long-term systemic challenges to relief efforts, and confronting the root causes of the conflict by ending the occupation and upholding international law.{18} 

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{1} UNDSS (2024), Security Travel Advisory, available at: https://dss.un.org/Welcome-to-UNDSS?returnurl=%2f 

{2} Inform Risk Index 2025 (2024), available at: https://drmkc.jrc.ec.europa.eu/inform-index 

{3} United Nations (2025), Fragile Gaza ceasefire marks ‘a momentous but precarious juncture,’ UN envoy tells Security Council 

{4} WFP (2025), WFP Palestine’s Emergency Response External Situation Report #71 (7 November 2025) 

{5} OCHA (2025), Humanitarian Situation Update #331 | Gaza Strip [EN/AR/HE] 

{6} WFP (2025), WFP Palestine’s Emergency Response External Situation Report #71 (7 November 2025) 

{7} OCHA (2025), Humanitarian Situation Update #331 | Gaza Strip [EN/AR/HE] 

{8} WFP (2025), WFP Palestine’s Emergency Response External Situation Report #71 (7 November 2025) 

{9} UNRWA (2025), UNRWA Situation Report #192 on the Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem [EN/AR] 

{10} UNRWA (2025), UNRWA Situation Report #192 on the Humanitarian Crisis in the Gaza Strip and the occupied West Bank, including East Jerusalem [EN/AR] 

{11} MSF (2025), Post-ceasefire, Palestinians in Gaza are still living in dire conditions 

{12} WHO (2025) EWARS Unified Disease Surveillance Dashboard - The Gaza Strip · Dashboard · Metabase 

{13} MSF (2025), “Medicine is being strangled”: MSF doctor on the collapse of Gaza's health system 

{14} WHO (2025), HeRAMS occupied Palestinian territory: Gaza infographics September 2025 https://app.powerbi.com/view?r=eyJrIjoiZjI3ODU4N2YtZmE4Yi00NzcwLTgwMmQtN2JhOTU2YjZkNTQ1IiwidCI6ImY2MTBjMGI3LWJkMjQtN GIzOS04MTBiLTNkYzI4MGFmYjU5MCIsImMiOjh9 

{15} WFP (2025), WFP reaches families most at risk with food assistance as post-ceasefire scale-up gathers pace  

{16} NRC (2025), West Bank: Impunity deepens the occupation amid increasing restrictions on aid 

{17} WFP (29 March 2024),  State of Palestine Annual Country Report 2023 - Country Strategic Plan 2018 - 2028 

{18} ESCWA (2 January 2024), October 2023 in Gaza: the deadliest month in a twenty-first century war? [EN/AR] 

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Source: World Health Organization, https://cdn.who.int/media/docs/default-source/emergencies-trauma-care/who-phsa-opt-111125-final.pdf?sfvrsn=efa97590_1&download=true

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