ETIDIOH - NEW

  Abstract Background Plague, a zoonosis caused by Yersinia pestis, is endemic in Madagascar but knowledge on the epidemiological situation in the northern focus remains unclear . The aim of this study was to investigate the circulation of Y. pestis in terrestrial small mammals in north eastern Madagascar, where suspected plague outbreaks have been reported. Methods Sampling of terrestrial small mammals and their fleas was carried out in 22 trapping sites within 9 localities of the two sectors (1 and 3) of Makira Natural Park (MNP) and surroundings, from 2020 to 2022. Yersinia pestis was investigated in terrestrial small mammal spleen samples and their fleas using bacteriological, serological and molecular methods. Results A total of 614 terrestrial small mammals composed of eight species and 1,754 individual fleas were collected following 4,880 trap-nights. The black rat (Rattus rattus) represented the majority (87.8%) of the small mammal species caught. Flea infestation rate was ...

A slaughter turkeys operation in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7012 ____

  {Hessen Region} laying hens (500), broilers (200), ducks for fattening (200), geese for fattening (700), turkeys for fattening (500) Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7021 ____

  {Porto Region} Small farm keeping 197 mixed species poultry and 187 captive birds of exotic species. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7015 ____

  Phnom Penh, November 16 (Xinhua) -- Cambodia's Ministry of Health confirmed on the 16th that a young man residing in Phnom Penh had died from avian influenza (H5N1). Authorities urged the public to be vigilant and take effective preventative measures. According to the report, the 22-year-old man experienced severe symptoms including fever, cough, shortness of breath, and difficulty breathing . Despite the medical team's best efforts, his condition rapidly deteriorated, and he died on the 15th of this month . This is the first reported human death from avian influenza in the country's capital this year. Following the incident, the Cambodian Ministry of Health immediately activated its emergency response mechanism . Local professional teams are conducting a comprehensive and detailed epidemiological investigation to trace the source of infection and identify close contacts . To prevent further spread of the epidemic in the community, authorities have urgently allocated and ...

  A 22-year-old Cambodian man died of H5N1 bird flu , the Ministry of Health said in a statement released Sunday, November 16, 2025, as reported by Xinhua and quoted by Antara. "Laboratory results from the Cambodian National Institute of Public Health on November 15, 2025 , showed that the man was positive for H5N1 virus infection," the Cambodian Ministry of Health said in a statement. (...) Source: Tempo,  https://www.tempo.co/internasional/pria-kamboja-tewas-akibat-flu-burung-h5n1-2090146 ____

  Summary Background First discovered in 1999 in Malaysia, Nipah virus (NiV) causes yearly outbreaks throughout south and southeast Asia with associated mortality rates of 40–75 %. Due to the structural and sequence similarities between the NiV and Hendra virus (HeV) attachment G glycoproteins , and the extensive extant evidence of the ability of a recombinant soluble glycoprotein G (HeV-sG) to provide heterologous cross-protective immunity when used as vaccine (HeV-sG-V), this study aimed to evaluate HeV-sG-V for safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity against NiV. Methods We conducted a phase 1, single-centre, randomised, observer-blind, placebo-controlled study . Eligible participants were aged 18–49 years, healthy, and not pregnant; participants were ineligible if they were immunocompromised, had received blood products within 6 months of enrolment, had potential exposure to NiV or HeV, or had known allergies to components of the vaccine. Participants were randomly assigned in...

  Public Domain. Source: WikiArt,  https://www.wikiart.org/en/james-ward/gordale-scar-a-view-of-gordale-in-the-manor-of-east-malham-in-craven-yorkshire-the-property-of-1814 ____

  Par ignis — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1256653 Source: Wikipedia,  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorail_Renault ____

  14 November 2025 Addis Ababa—Ethiopia’s Ministry of Health has confirmed an outbreak of Marburg virus disease in the South Ethiopia Region, the first of its kind in the country , following laboratory testing of samples from a cluster of suspected cases of viral haemorrhagic fever. Genetic analysis by the Ethiopia Public Health Institute revealed that the virus is of the same strain as the one that has been reported in previous outbreaks in other countries in East Africa .  A total of nine cases have been reported in the outbreak that has affected Jinka town in the South Ethiopia Region. The national authorities are scaling up response including community-wide screening, isolation of cases, treatment, contact tracing and public awareness campaigns to curb the spread of the Marburg virus, which is in the same family of viruses that cause Ebola virus disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners are supporting the government as it intensifies response to halt the sp...

  Int J Infect Dis SILVA CAC, Bomfim AP, Medeiros JD, Silva JJ, et al Nasal Microbiota and Clinical Features in Acute Flu-Like Illness: COVID-19 Status and Long COVID Follow-Up. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 11:108196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108196. PubMed           Abstract available SONG J, Jeong S, Chun AY, Jung J, et al Incidence of Respiratory Infections after the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023-2024) and Its Association of Vaccination Among Entire Populations in Korea. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108194. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108194. PubMed           Abstract available VERGORI A, Matusali G, Lepri AC, Cimini E, et al Supporting equitable booster strategies: one-year real-world immunogenicity data in people with HIV (PWH) receiving different variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108189. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108189. PubMed           Ab...

  Arch Virol WANG P, Fu J, Wu H, Zhu L, et al Amino acid substitutions associated with adaptation of novel H10N3 and H10N5 avian influenza viruses to mice. Arch Virol. 2025;170:242. PubMed          Drug Saf WONG J, Donegan K, Harrison K, Jan T, et al Implementation and Results of Active Vaccine Safety Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Regulatory Perspective. Drug Saf. 2025;48:1365-1385. PubMed           Abstract available VAN HOLLE L Observed Versus Expected Analysis-How Does It Fit in the Pharmacovigilance Toolkit? Drug Saf. 2025;48:1325-1330. PubMed           Abstract available Drugs LEE A Onradivir: First Approval. Drugs. 2025;85:1609-1612. PubMed           Abstract available J Clin Microbiol HOGAN CA, Le AT, Khan A, Su LD, et al Comprehensive metabolomics combined with machine learning for the identificatio...

  By Smiley.toerist - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52071432 Source: Wikipedia,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brissonneau_et_Lotz_locomotives ____

  Abstract We describe the clinical symptoms and epidemiologic characteristics of a patient infected with avian influenza A(H10N3) virus in Guangxi Province , China, in December 2024. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the virus was highly homologous to a virus from Yunnan Province . H10 subtype viruses should be monitored for potential zoonotic or reassortant events. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/11/25-0847_article ____

  For immediate release: November 14, 2025   (25-138) First detection of this strain in a human, risk to the public remains low Contact: DOH Communications A Grays Harbor resident who was hospitalized with influenza symptoms in early November has been confirmed to have influenza A H5 , a type of avian influenza.  Additional testing shows the virus to be H5N5, an avian influenza virus that has previously been reported in animals but never before in humans .  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and DOH currently consider the risk to the public from avian influenza to be low. The person is an older adult with underlying health conditions and remains hospitalized.  The affected person has a mixed backyard flock of domestic poultry at home that had exposure to wild birds .  The domestic poultry or wild birds are the most likely source of virus exposure; however, public health investigation is ongoing .  The Washington State Department ...

  {Excerpt} National situation summary Person-to-person spread :  None -- There is no known person-to-person spread at this time. Current public health risk :  Low -- The current public health risk is Low. Cases in the U.S. :  71 cases Deaths in U.S. :  1 death (...) Situation summary of confirmed and probable human cases since 2024 {Confirmed Cases}:  -- National: Total Cases: 71 {+1} [Cases - Exposure Source] -- 41 - Dairy Herds (Cattle){*} -- 24 - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations{*} -- 3 - Other Animal Exposure{†} -- 3 - Exposure Source Unknown{‡} {Probable Cases}:  -- National: Total Cases: 7 [Cases - Exposure Source] -- 1 - Dairy Herds (Cattle){*} -- 5 - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations{*} -- 0 - Other Animal Exposure{†} -- 1 - Exposure Source Unknown{‡} NOTE : One additional case was previously detected in a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. Louisiana reported the first H5 bird flu death in the U.S. {*} Exposure Associated with Comm...

  13 November 2025, Addis Ababa – The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is closely monitoring reports of a suspected viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) in Jinka, Southern Region, Ethiopia . On 12 November 2025 , the Ethiopia Public Health Institute (EPHI) notified Africa CDC of eight suspected cases, with clinical samples collected and submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for further testing. As investigations continue, no confirmed aetiology has yet been established. From London where he was on official mission, the Director General of Africa CDC, H.E. Dr. Jean Kaseya had a call the same day with the Ethiopian Minister of Health H.E. Dr. Mekdes Daba to congratulate her for early detection and the transparency that characterized Ethiopia when there is a public health event, and to extend the support from Africa CDC and the entire continent to quickly contain that. During the Africa CDC Weekly Press Briefing on Health Emergencies held on 13 Novembe...

  {Scotland} Broiler breeder flock of 28-week-old birds. Increased mortality and other clinical signs reported. Samples taken were found positive for HPAI H5N1. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7013 ____

  Abstract H7 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus outbreaks can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks , leading to devastating impacts on poultry industries. In December 2024 , an HPAI virus was detected on a poultry farm in New Zealand , being the first time a case of HPAI was reported in the country. Whole-genome sequencing, subtyping, phylogenetic, and mutation analyses were performed to characterize the virus. Results indicated a novel high-pathogenicity H7N6 avian influenza virus arose through a reassortment event between endemic low-pathogenicity H4N6 and H7 viruses, followed by two mutations at the H7 gene cleavage site . Mutation analysis suggests the novel H7N6 virus exhibits increased risk of host specificity shift , but further work is required to fully understand the functional impacts of the detected mutational events. In this instance, a timely biosecurity response was effective in eliminating the virus and preventing its transmissi...

Human Avian Influenza Cases in Washington State Residents {*} [Exposure - Probable - Confirmed - Total human cases (H5)] -- Poultry - 3 - 11 - 14 -- Unknown - 1{^} - 0 - 1 -- Total - 15 {*} Washington residency could not be confirmed for one case with exposure to poultry in Washington. {^} Currently under investigation; case classification and source of infection may be updated. Note : Updates to national public health reporting and notification of novel influenza A infections were approved by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) in June 2024 and enacted in September 2024. Whether a case is counted as confirmed or probable is determined after completion of a public health case investigation and takes into account a person's exposure to avian influenza virus, whether confirmatory testing at the CDC was negative or positive, and whether a person experienced symptoms of illness. The specific criteria used to determine if a case is confirmed, or probable is based...