ETIDIOH - NEW

  Par ignis — Travail personnel, CC BY-SA 3.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=1256653 Source: Wikipedia,  https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autorail_Renault ____

  14 November 2025 Addis Ababa—Ethiopia’s Ministry of Health has confirmed an outbreak of Marburg virus disease in the South Ethiopia Region, the first of its kind in the country , following laboratory testing of samples from a cluster of suspected cases of viral haemorrhagic fever. Genetic analysis by the Ethiopia Public Health Institute revealed that the virus is of the same strain as the one that has been reported in previous outbreaks in other countries in East Africa .  A total of nine cases have been reported in the outbreak that has affected Jinka town in the South Ethiopia Region. The national authorities are scaling up response including community-wide screening, isolation of cases, treatment, contact tracing and public awareness campaigns to curb the spread of the Marburg virus, which is in the same family of viruses that cause Ebola virus disease. The World Health Organization (WHO) and partners are supporting the government as it intensifies response to halt the sp...

  Int J Infect Dis SILVA CAC, Bomfim AP, Medeiros JD, Silva JJ, et al Nasal Microbiota and Clinical Features in Acute Flu-Like Illness: COVID-19 Status and Long COVID Follow-Up. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 11:108196. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108196. PubMed           Abstract available SONG J, Jeong S, Chun AY, Jung J, et al Incidence of Respiratory Infections after the COVID-19 Pandemic (2023-2024) and Its Association of Vaccination Among Entire Populations in Korea. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108194. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108194. PubMed           Abstract available VERGORI A, Matusali G, Lepri AC, Cimini E, et al Supporting equitable booster strategies: one-year real-world immunogenicity data in people with HIV (PWH) receiving different variant-adapted COVID-19 vaccines. Int J Infect Dis. 2025 Nov 7:108189. doi: 10.1016/j.ijid.2025.108189. PubMed           Ab...

  Arch Virol WANG P, Fu J, Wu H, Zhu L, et al Amino acid substitutions associated with adaptation of novel H10N3 and H10N5 avian influenza viruses to mice. Arch Virol. 2025;170:242. PubMed          Drug Saf WONG J, Donegan K, Harrison K, Jan T, et al Implementation and Results of Active Vaccine Safety Monitoring During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the UK: A Regulatory Perspective. Drug Saf. 2025;48:1365-1385. PubMed           Abstract available VAN HOLLE L Observed Versus Expected Analysis-How Does It Fit in the Pharmacovigilance Toolkit? Drug Saf. 2025;48:1325-1330. PubMed           Abstract available Drugs LEE A Onradivir: First Approval. Drugs. 2025;85:1609-1612. PubMed           Abstract available J Clin Microbiol HOGAN CA, Le AT, Khan A, Su LD, et al Comprehensive metabolomics combined with machine learning for the identificatio...

  By Smiley.toerist - Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=52071432 Source: Wikipedia,  https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Brissonneau_et_Lotz_locomotives ____

  Abstract We describe the clinical symptoms and epidemiologic characteristics of a patient infected with avian influenza A(H10N3) virus in Guangxi Province , China, in December 2024. Whole-genome sequencing showed that the virus was highly homologous to a virus from Yunnan Province . H10 subtype viruses should be monitored for potential zoonotic or reassortant events. Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/31/11/25-0847_article ____

  For immediate release: November 14, 2025   (25-138) First detection of this strain in a human, risk to the public remains low Contact: DOH Communications A Grays Harbor resident who was hospitalized with influenza symptoms in early November has been confirmed to have influenza A H5 , a type of avian influenza.  Additional testing shows the virus to be H5N5, an avian influenza virus that has previously been reported in animals but never before in humans .  The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and DOH currently consider the risk to the public from avian influenza to be low. The person is an older adult with underlying health conditions and remains hospitalized.  The affected person has a mixed backyard flock of domestic poultry at home that had exposure to wild birds .  The domestic poultry or wild birds are the most likely source of virus exposure; however, public health investigation is ongoing .  The Washington State Department ...

  {Excerpt} National situation summary Person-to-person spread :  None -- There is no known person-to-person spread at this time. Current public health risk :  Low -- The current public health risk is Low. Cases in the U.S. :  71 cases Deaths in U.S. :  1 death (...) Situation summary of confirmed and probable human cases since 2024 {Confirmed Cases}:  -- National: Total Cases: 71 {+1} [Cases - Exposure Source] -- 41 - Dairy Herds (Cattle){*} -- 24 - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations{*} -- 3 - Other Animal Exposure{†} -- 3 - Exposure Source Unknown{‡} {Probable Cases}:  -- National: Total Cases: 7 [Cases - Exposure Source] -- 1 - Dairy Herds (Cattle){*} -- 5 - Poultry Farms and Culling Operations{*} -- 0 - Other Animal Exposure{†} -- 1 - Exposure Source Unknown{‡} NOTE : One additional case was previously detected in a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. Louisiana reported the first H5 bird flu death in the U.S. {*} Exposure Associated with Comm...

  13 November 2025, Addis Ababa – The Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention (Africa CDC) is closely monitoring reports of a suspected viral haemorrhagic fever (VHF) in Jinka, Southern Region, Ethiopia . On 12 November 2025 , the Ethiopia Public Health Institute (EPHI) notified Africa CDC of eight suspected cases, with clinical samples collected and submitted to the National Reference Laboratory for further testing. As investigations continue, no confirmed aetiology has yet been established. From London where he was on official mission, the Director General of Africa CDC, H.E. Dr. Jean Kaseya had a call the same day with the Ethiopian Minister of Health H.E. Dr. Mekdes Daba to congratulate her for early detection and the transparency that characterized Ethiopia when there is a public health event, and to extend the support from Africa CDC and the entire continent to quickly contain that. During the Africa CDC Weekly Press Briefing on Health Emergencies held on 13 Novembe...

  {Scotland} Broiler breeder flock of 28-week-old birds. Increased mortality and other clinical signs reported. Samples taken were found positive for HPAI H5N1. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7013 ____

  Abstract H7 high-pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI) virus outbreaks can cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in poultry flocks , leading to devastating impacts on poultry industries. In December 2024 , an HPAI virus was detected on a poultry farm in New Zealand , being the first time a case of HPAI was reported in the country. Whole-genome sequencing, subtyping, phylogenetic, and mutation analyses were performed to characterize the virus. Results indicated a novel high-pathogenicity H7N6 avian influenza virus arose through a reassortment event between endemic low-pathogenicity H4N6 and H7 viruses, followed by two mutations at the H7 gene cleavage site . Mutation analysis suggests the novel H7N6 virus exhibits increased risk of host specificity shift , but further work is required to fully understand the functional impacts of the detected mutational events. In this instance, a timely biosecurity response was effective in eliminating the virus and preventing its transmissi...

Human Avian Influenza Cases in Washington State Residents {*} [Exposure - Probable - Confirmed - Total human cases (H5)] -- Poultry - 3 - 11 - 14 -- Unknown - 1{^} - 0 - 1 -- Total - 15 {*} Washington residency could not be confirmed for one case with exposure to poultry in Washington. {^} Currently under investigation; case classification and source of infection may be updated. Note : Updates to national public health reporting and notification of novel influenza A infections were approved by the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists (CSTE) in June 2024 and enacted in September 2024. Whether a case is counted as confirmed or probable is determined after completion of a public health case investigation and takes into account a person's exposure to avian influenza virus, whether confirmatory testing at the CDC was negative or positive, and whether a person experienced symptoms of illness. The specific criteria used to determine if a case is confirmed, or probable is based...

For immediate release: November 13, 2025   (25-136) Contact: DOH Communications If confirmed, this would be the first human case of avian influenza reported in Washington in 2025 OLYMPIA – A Grays Harbor County resident has tested preliminarily positive for avian influenza, also known as bird flu . Confirmatory testing through the Washington State Public Health Laboratories is pending. Health officials are working to determine the potential sources of the infection , including contact with wild or domestic birds .  The person, who is an older adult with underlying health conditions, developed a high fever, confusion, and respiratory distress and was hospitalized in early November.  They are currently receiving treatment in King County after previously being treated in Thurston and Grays Harbor counties. Public health disease experts have not identified any risk to the public . The Washington State Department of Health is working with the local health departments and ...

  {Excerpt} The constant emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants has driven the COVID-19 pandemic and sustains the current endemic . Saltation variants , such as BA.2.86 ,1 encode highly mutated spike (S) proteins that efficiently evade neutralising antibodies . In November, 2024, a potential saltation variant, BA.3.2 , was detected in South Africa but its spread remained uncertain. Early studies on BA.3.2 did not include comparisons among its subvariants or with dominant variants NB.1.8.1 and XFG.2 ,3 Moreover, the effect of the often overlooked S protein insertion of Ala-Ser-Asp-Thr at position 214 remained unexamined. In this Correspondence, we provide an epidemiological and virological update on BA.3.2, with the use of BA.3 (parental lineage) and NB.1.8.1 and XFG (currently prevalent) as references. (...) Source: The Lancet Infectious Diseases,  https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(25)00658-9/fulltext?rss=yes ____

  A Slaughter geese operation in Mazowieckie Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/7008 ____

  Highlights •  Human antibody HB420 cross-reacts with neuraminidases from H3N2 and H5N1 •  HB420 engages the neuraminidase active site via a single Asp residue •  Germline HB420 is N2 specific but gains reactivity to N1 through somatic mutation •  HB420 provides in vivo protection against both H3N2 and H5N1 Summary The ongoing spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b virus in animals and its occasional spillover to humans have raised concerns about a potential H5N1 pandemic . Although recent studies have shown that pre-existing human antibodies can recognize H5N1 neuraminidase , the molecular basis of how this cross-reactivity develops remains poorly understood. In this study, we used a phage display antibody library derived from 245 healthy donors to isolate an antibody, HB420, that cross-reacts with neuraminidases of human H3N2 and avian H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b viruses and confers protection in vivo. Cryogenic electron microscopy analysis r...

  Abstract Most emerging human infectious diseases are derived from animals , and monitoring such zoonoses is imperative to help prevent future outbreaks . In this Forum , we discuss the knowledge gaps in our current understanding of viral ecology, global disparities in virus discovery , and the applications of artificial intelligence in infectious disease monitoring. Source: Cell Host & Microbe,  https://www.cell.com/cell-host-microbe/abstract/S1931-3128(25)00429-9?rss=yes ____

  SUMMARY OF CRISIS AND KEY FINDINGS   The fragile Gaza ceasefire announced on 9 October 2025 marked a momentous but precarious juncture in the ongoing conflict.{3}  The ceasefire remains in place but is fragile, and violations from both sides continue.{4}  When the ceasefire was agreed in mid-October , the UN Relief Chief Tom Fletcher outlined a 60-day plan to deliver vital aid to people in Gaza, stressing that full implementation requires more crossings, rapid and unimpeded access , sustained fuel entry, restored infrastructure , protection of aid workers , and adequate funding.{5}   While humanitarian aid has begun to flow into Gaza offering a measure of relief, uncertainty persists. Meanwhile, the Rafah Crossing as well as other crossings in the north remain closed , limiting efforts to alleviate Gaza’s humanitarian crisis.{6}  According to the Ministry of Health (MoH) in Gaza, the casualty toll among Palestinians since 7 October 2023 , as reported...

  Abstract Influenza viruses cause hundreds of thousands of infections globally every year. In the past century, seasonal influenza viruses have included H1N1, H2N2 or H3N2 strains . H2N2 influenza viruses circulated in the human population between 1957-1968 . Previously, our group demonstrated a lack of H2N2 influenza virus immunity in individuals born after 1968 , as well as the effectiveness of hemagglutinin (HA) based vaccines for multiple influenza virus subtypes. In this study, H2 antigenic maps and radial graphs were generated using previously published data from H2 HA vaccinations of ferrets and seasonal influenza vaccinations of humans . The antigenic maps revealed a stark difference in clustering of HA antigens between the ferrets and humans, and the radial graphs showed specific antigen recognition varies greatly between different influenza preimmune ferrets . These maps also revealed the significant impact that different pre-existing immunities have on antigenic recogni...

  Suspicion of avian influenza was raised at the Mirovice slaughterhouse. The suspicion concerned slaughtered ducks originating from a commercial fattening duck farm (Primary outbreak No. HPAI1-2/2025). A suspicion of HPAI was raised based on the pathological-anatomical findings and the information that there has been increased mortality in the farm. The official veterinary officer collected samples of ducks from the slaughterhouse for testing, which were sent by courier to the National Reference Laboratory, and issued preliminary veterinary measures for the slaughterhouse to prevent the spread of the disease. In connection with the suspicion of HPAI at the slaughterhouse (Secondary outbreak No. HPAI1-3/2025), commercial poultry farm with a fattening ducks. During the on-site inspection, it was found that the animals were dying massively (in total 2 700 birds and the high mortality still ongoing) and showing clinical signs (lethargy, ruffled feathers, and neurological symptoms). Th...