The temporal #sequence of #influenza #H1N1 and #Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection causes disease severity in Syrian hamster models
Abstract Introduction : Influenza H1N1 virus is one of the most prevalent subtypes among influenza viruses, and co-infection with Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mp) is frequently documented in clinical respiratory infections . However, the pathological mechanisms underlying the temporal sequence of H1N1-Mp co-infection remain poorly characterized, and relevant animal models are lacking. Methods : In this study, we established a model of influenza H1N1 and Mycoplasma pneumoniae co-infection in Syrian hamsters and infected two pathogens in interval of 72 hours. Clinical manifestations , body temperature, body weight, pathogen loads in nasal, pharyngeal, and anal swabs, as well as blood cytokine profiles were dynamically monitored over 14 days post-infection (dpi). Additionally, tissue pathogen loads, histopathological changes , routine blood parameters, and blood biochemistry indicators were evaluated at 7 and 14 dpi. Results : The results demonstrated that hamsters first...