ETIDIOH - NEW

{Excerpt} [ Confirmed cases : State , Dairy  Herds, Poultry Farms and Culling Operations, Other Animal Exposure, Exposure Source Unknown, State Total ] -- National , 41, 24, 2, 3, 70 {+1} 1) California , 36, 0, 0, 2, 38 2) Colorado , 1, 9, 0, 0, 10 3) Iowa , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 4) Louisiana , 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 5) Michigan , 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 6) Missouri , 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 7) Nevada , 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 8) Ohio , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 {+1} 9) Oregon , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 10) Texas , 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 11) Washington , 0, 11, 0, 0, 11 12) Wisconsin , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 13) Wyoming , 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 [ Probable Cases :   States , Dairy   Herds, Poultry   Farms   and   Culling   Operations, Other   Animal   Exposure, Exposure   Source   Unknown, State   Total ] -- National , 1, 5, 0, 1, 7 {-1} 1) Arizona , 0, 2, 0, 0, 2 2) California , 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 3) Delaware , 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 4) Washington , 0, 3, 0, 0, 3 NOTE : One additional case was previously detected in a poultry worker in ...

(COLUMBUS, Ohio) — The Ohio Department of Health (ODH) today is reporting the state’s first flu-associated pediatric death of the 2024-25 flu season, a teenager under the age of 18 from Allen County. “Sadly, this tragic death reminds us that influenza , though common, is a serious health threat,” said ODH Director Bruce Vanderhoff, MD, MBA.  “We urge parents to protect their kids. It’s not too late for parents and kids to get a flu vaccine . It may very well prevent you or your loved ones from getting seriously ill. And, especially during flu season, it’s important to maintain good hand hygiene and to stay home if you are sick.” Flu activity usually peaks between December and February . In Ohio, flu activity has been increasing since early December and has increased more rapidly since the beginning of the year. Current activity is very high . Since the start of the season , more than 9,000 influenza-associated hospitalizations have been reported in Ohio, which is well above the fiv...

Abstract Equine influenza (EI) is a highly contagious respiratory disease caused by the equine influenza virus (EIV), posing a significant threat to equine populations worldwide . EIV exhibits considerable antigenic variability due to its segmented genome, complicating long-term disease control efforts. Although infections are rarely fatal , EIV’s high transmissibility results in widespread outbreaks, leading to substantial morbidity and considerable economic impacts on veterinary care, quarantine, and equestrian activities. The H3N8 subtype has undergone significant antigenic evolution , resulting in the emergence of distinct lineages , including Eurasian and American , with the Florida sublineage being particularly prevalent. Continuous genetic surveillance and regular updates to vaccine formulations are necessary to address antigenic drift and maintain vaccination efficacy. Additionally, rare cross-species transmissions have raised concerns regarding the zoonotic potential of EIV. T...

{Excerpt} (...) Time Period: February 09 - February 15, 2025 -- H5 Detection :  12 sites ( 3.3% ) -- No Detection :  348 sites ( 96.7% ) -- No samples in last week :  94 sites Source: US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,  https://www.cdc.gov/bird-flu/h5-monitoring/index.html _____

{Northern Ireland} About 63,000 68 and 78-week-old layers across four houses. Increased mortality, feed drop and egg abnormalities. The samples taken were positive for HPAI H5N1. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6288 ____

Summary Background Arboviruses have expanded into new regions in Europe , yet data indicate gaps in disease notifications and a risk of further spread. We aimed to report on prevalence, clinical management, and outcomes of endemic arbovirus infections in southeast Europe. Methods In this prospective observational study (MERMAIDS-ARBO), we enrolled adults (age ≥18 years) hospitalised with an arbovirus-compatible disease syndrome within 21 days of symptom onset across 21 hospitals in seven countries in southeast Europe over four arbovirus seasons (May 1–Oct 31, during 2016–19). We obtained data from case report forms completed by site investigators on admission and discharge. Participants were excluded if they had non-infectious CNS disorders, symptoms of another confirmed cause, an identified focal source of infection, or symptoms caused by recurrence of a pre-existing condition. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with confirmed or probable acute infections with West...

Note 20/02/2025 : this immediate notification is linked to the avian influenza cases detected in cats and reported in event 6276. HPAI - H5N1 virus was detected in poultry droppings, poultry waste swab, meat cutting table swab, and knife swab collected from the live bird market {in Madhya Pradesh}. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6277 ____

A wild Barnacle Goose . The animal was found weakened on Middelkerke beach . It showed severe neurological symptoms . It was culled on suspicion of avian influenza. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6284 ____

Abstract The epizootic prion disease of cattle, bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), caused variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (vCJD) in humans following dietary exposure . Codon 129 polymorphism of the human prion protein gene (PRNP), encoding either methionine (M) or valine (V), dictates the propagation of distinct human prion strains and up to now all but one neuropathologically confirmed vCJD patients have had a 129MM genotype. Concordant with this genetic association, transgenic modelling has established that human PrP 129V is incompatible with the vCJD prion strain and that depending on codon 129 genotype, primary human infection with BSE prions may, in addition to vCJD, result in sporadic CJD-like or novel phenotypes. In 2016 we saw the first neuropathologically confirmed case of vCJD in a patient with a codon 129MV genotype . This patient’s neuropathology and molecular strain type were pathognomonic of vCJD but their clinical presentation and neuroradiological features were m...

Summary -- What is already known about this topic? -  Outdoor cats on U.S. dairy farms have been infected with highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus; infection has not been reported in indoor cats. -- What is added by this report? -  HPAI A(H5N1) virus was detected in two indoor domestic cats with respiratory and neurologic illness that lived in homes of dairy workers but had no known direct exposure to HPAI A(H5N1)–affected farms. Both dairy workers declined testing ; other household members received negative test results for influenza A. -- What are the implications for public health practice? -  Veterinarians in states with confirmed HPAI A(H5N1) in livestock should consider obtaining household occupational information , testing for influenza A viruses , and wearing personal protective equipment when evaluating companion cats with respiratory or neurologic illness . Suspected cases should be reported to public and animal health officials. Abstract High...

{Automatic Translation} Since 2020, the world has seen an increase in the number of outbreaks of avian influenza caused by the highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus and an expansion of the geography of circulation of this virus. In 2024, more than 1.2 thousand outbreaks of influenza A (H5N1) among wild birds and about 2 thousand outbreaks among poultry were registered in the world. The infection affected 68 countries in Asia, Europe, Africa, North and South America, and also reached Antarctica. In addition, in 2024, a large number of cases of detection of the influenza A (H5N1) virus among wild and domestic mammals were recorded, including with subsequent infection of people. These include outbreaks among cattle on US dairy farms, which by the end of the year affected more than 900 dairy farms in 16 states. The avian influenza A (H5N1) virus, isolated from cows, also caused illness in 40 people - farm workers. At the same time, the influenza A(H5N1) viruses detected in cows ...

Abstract Since 2022, three cases of human infections of novel H3N8 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been confirmed in China . Given the potential for significant public health implications , the prompt detection and containment of the virus is particularly important. Comprehensive analyses were conducted of the complete viral gene sequences of five H3 subtype AIVs that were isolated from chickens, pigeons, and geese in live poultry markets in China in 2023. Four strains exhibited a high degree of homology with the H3N8 viruses responsible for human infections in 2022 and 2023. A subsequent study was conducted to investigate the pathogenicity differences among multiple subtypes of the H3 AIVs in chickens. The study revealed that all infected chickens exhibited clinical signs and viral shedding. Notably, two H3N8 viruses, which were highly homologous to human strains, demonstrated significant differences in adaptability to chickens. The goose-derived H3N5 strain displayed high adaptab...

Summary Background An epidemic of Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection has been observed in France since September, 2023. We aimed to describe the characteristics of adults hospitalised for M pneumoniae infection and identify factors associated with severe outcomes of infection. Methods MYCADO is a retrospective observational study including adults hospitalised for 24 h or more in 76 hospitals in France for a M pneumoniae infection between Sept 1, 2023, and Feb 29, 2024. Clinical, laboratory, and imaging data were collected from medical records. We identified factors associated with severe outcomes of infection, defined as a composite of intensive care unit (ICU) admission or in-hospital death, using multivariable logistic regression. Findings 1309 patients with M pneumoniae infection were included : 718 (54·9%) were men and 591 (45·1%) were women; median age was 43 years (IQR 31–63); 288 (22·0%) had chronic respiratory failure; 423 (32·3%) had cardiovascular comorbidities; and 105 (8·0%) h...

Abstract Introduction Vaccination is a critical part of the response to an influenza pandemic . Future influenza pandemics will likely leverage existing production processes and manufacturing facilities for seasonal influenza to make pandemic vaccines. Therefore, pandemic influenza vaccine response is heavily dependent on seasonal influenza vaccine production capacity. Methods WHO monitors global vaccine production to inform pandemic preparedness by regularly surveying influenza vaccine manufacturers to estimate both seasonal and potential pandemic vaccine production capacity overall and by region, vaccine type, and manufacturing process. The last survey estimates were for 2019; here, we report updated estimates based on data from the 2023 survey and compare to estimates from previous surveys. Results Our analysis estimates that annual seasonal influenza vaccine production capacity has remained relatively stable since 2019 at 1.53 billion doses and pandemic vaccine capacity at 4.13 and...

Highlights •   A distinct HKU5 coronavirus lineage (HKU5-CoV-2) is discovered in bats •  Bat HKU5-CoV-2 uses human ACE2 receptor and ACE2 orthologs from multiple species •   Bat HKU5-CoV-2 RBD engages human ACE2 with a distinct binding mode from other CoVs •  Bat HKU5-CoV-2 was isolated and infect human-ACE2-expressing cells Summary Merbecoviruses comprise four viral species with remarkable genetic diversity: MERS -related coronavirus, Tylonycterisbat coronavirus HKU4, Pipistrellusbat coronavirus HKU5, and Hedgehog coronavirus 1. However, the potential human spillover risk of animal merbecoviruses remains to be investigated. Here, we reported the discovery of HKU5-CoV lineage 2 (HKU5-CoV-2) in bats that efficiently utilize human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) as a functional receptor and exhibits a broad host tropism . Cryo-EM analysis of HKU5-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD) and human ACE2 complex revealed an entirely distinct binding mode compared with o...

{Excerpt} [ Confirmed Cases:  State , Exposure Source: Dairy Herds, Poultry Farms and Culling Operations, Other Animal Exposure, Unknown, State Total ] -- National , 41, 23, 2, 3, 69 {+1} 1) California , 36, 0, 0, 2, 38 2) Colorado , 1, 9, 0, 0, 10 3) Iowa , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1, 1 4) Louisiana , 0, 0, 1,0 , 1 5) Michigan , 2, 0, 0, 0, 2 6) Missouri , 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 7) Nevada , 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 8) Oregon , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 9) Texas , 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 10) Washington , 0, 11, 0, 0, 11 11) Wisconsin , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 12) Wyoming , 0, 0, 1, 0, 1 {+1}  [ Probable Cases:  State , Exposure Source: Dairy Herds, Poultry Farms and Culling Operations, Other Animal Exposure, Unknown,  State Total ] -- National , 1, 6, 0, 1, 8 - Arizona , 0, 2, 0, 0, 2 -- California , 1, 0, 0, 0, 1 -- Delaware , 0, 0, 0, 1, 1 -- Ohio , 0, 1, 0, 0, 1 -- Washington , 0, 3, 0, 0, 3 NOTE : One additional case was previously detected in a poultry worker in Colorado in 2022. ...

A Great Cormorant in Leiria Region.  Backyard birds in Aveiro Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6230 ____

 A poultry farm in Vlaanderen Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6280 ____

Wild Dalmatian Pelicans in Florina Region. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6281?reportId=172377&fromPage=event-dashboard-url ____

 Ducks and commerical poultry of various age groups. Source: WOAH,  https://wahis.woah.org/#/in-review/6278?reportId=172354&fromPage=event-dashboard-url ____